Friday 29 May 2026

Psalm 139

Background
This Old Testament passage, speaking of clouds and shaking, takes us back to the beginning of the week and our passage from Acts where the Holy Spirit appears with spectacular natural phenomena. (Acts 2:1-21)

This Exodus passage is a pivotal transition in the Old Testament where, through God’s initiative a motley band of liberated slaves were transformed into a holy nation. This is the account of God’s Sinai Covenant with God's people. It is Moses’ role to act as a mediator between God and the people. After a period of preparation God tells Moses that he will come in a thick cloud so that the people can hear God speaking. Thunder and lightning accompanying this event signal the power and presence of God.

There are so many parallels between this event and Pentecost. The meeting with God at Sinai took place 50 days after the first Passover, and Pentecost took place 50 days after Jesus’ resurrection. Sinai formed a motley collection of people into a holy nation and Pentecost saw the birth of the Christian Church – the 'New Covenant People' drawn from many nations.

At Sinai, the law was given on tablets of stone whereas at Pentecost the Holy Spirit spoke directly to human hearts.

In both cases, impressive natural phenomena accompanied the event, signifying the presence of God – wind, fire, cloud, shaking and sound. At Pentecost the fulfilment of God’s revelation was accomplished.

To Ponder:

• The commentary above has highlighted the parallels between two events – Sinai and Pentecost. Read both passages again (Exodus 19:1-9 and Acts 2:1-21), noting down any differences. Meditate on them and their significance.
• Some people find it helpful to think of Pentecost as the reversal of Babel. Do you find that to be helpful to your understanding of Pentecost?

Prayer
Heavenly God, as you established your commitment with your people at Mount Sinai and gave your gift of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, renew your Spirit within us, we pray, that we may work for your coming kingdom, on earth as it is heaven. Amen.

Bible notes author: The Revd Jennifer Potter
The Revd Jennifer Potter is a supernumerary minister living in the Croydon Circuit. She works as a part-time chaplain at the local MHA (Methodist Home for the Aged). She was previously a minister at Wesley’s Chapel in London.